In March 2013, the long-standing Chinese Ministry of Railways was reformed and divided into the National Railway Bureau, a government body, and China Railway Corporation, the state operator. To ensure the best-possible transition in the interests of the railways and of the ridership, David Feng created a list of 100 suggestions for Chinese national railways, devised in the best interests of the railways, and future-proofed to best enable implementation at any time.
The 100 suggestions were divided into five specific topics, including ticketing, operations, planning, international matters, and railway culture. These suggestions have been covered by media, and have also been warmly received by the national rail system, and to this day, a significant number have been either directly implemented, or implemented as “inspired” based on these suggestions.
2013 年，長期爲中國體制組成部分的中國鐵道部經改制，分爲政府機關國家鐵路局，以及國家鐵路運營商中國鐵路總公司。為保證過度時期儘量順暢，處於對保護乘車旅客利益出發，馮琰指定了一百條交予中國國家鐵路的建議，以維護鐵路利益並預留未來發展，適合適時實施。
這 100 條的建議分為三個部分：票務、運營、規劃、國際事務，及鐵路文化。這些建議由媒體關注，並由鐵路方面友善接待，迄今已經落實相當多的建議，無論是直接落實或局部落實。
David continues to advocate their implementation even in this present day. They are designed to maximise railway transport efficiency, and are also optimised in their implementation of the newest national railway plans.
The proposals were made in March 2013. Text in italics point out to their realisation status as of summer 2025, as well as any date when they were first realised.
即使現在，馮琰仍常到落實這些建議。這些建議試圖最大化鐵路運輸效率，並優化最新國家鐵路規劃。
這些建議於 2013 年提出。寫題內容爲 2025 年夏季落實情況（及任何落實日期資訊）。
Part 1: Making Ticketing Better
第 1 部分: 改善票務
Suggestion | 建議 1 ✅
Ensure pricing remains fair for all: market-based, not too expensive for the less well-off, and, if needed, supported by the central government.
又按照市場規律，又考慮平均略偏低民眾收入和可支配收入情況，制定好票價，必要時由國家有關方面給予一定的補助等經濟方面的支持。
Generally realised by the late 2010s following several rounds of pricing improvements
經多次於 2010 年代進行的票務改革，已經基本落實。
Suggestion | 建議 2 ☑️
Start a Frequent Traveller Programme and allow riders to collect points, which can be used for upgrades, tickets, and VIP lounge access, as well as other discounts.
實施鐵路常旅客積分安排。積分可用於升艙、購票、貴賓候車，預留積滿多少分實施購票打折制（如書店書友會一樣）。今後還可以與銀行、酒店等其它方面合作。
Realised starting late 2017 — progressively improved. However, not all ID types are accepted for membership, which means travel on some ID of the same passenger may not be recorded.
由 2017 年底開始實施，並多次改善。然而，並不支持所有類別的身分證件，即意味着同一名乘客的不同證件可能無法計入積分。
Suggestion | 建議 3 ❌
To best save on resources, print the Networked Ticketing Handling Fee receipt along with the ticket, instead of using a separate piece of paper.
為了節能環保，建議對於購票、取票的異地費收據，採取同車票打印，廢止單獨的異地費收據。
The networked ticketing handling fee was altogether abandoned as of 2016 as part of streamlined ticketing.
異地票務手續費於 2016 年底在票務優化時，已予撤銷。
Suggestion | 建議 4 ✅
Allow slight differences in prices for [High Speed] trains depending on if they are direct, semi-fast, or regular / regional train services, making faster trains cost more.
[高速鐵路] 列車票價，實施直達、省會、普通、區間車有略小車票差距化，直達車票價偏貴，區間車票價偏低。
Realised in the late 2010s; for example, High Speed trains with the least stops between Beijing and Shanghai now can cost significantly more. More realisation into the 2020s.
在 2010 年代末期已經得以落實；例如，北京-上海=之間停靠站最少的最快高速鐵路列車票價可能相比其它車次，會有所增長。這一事項於 2020 年代得以進一步落實。
Suggestion | 建議 5 ☑️
Trial discounts on off-peak hour trains for Second Class accommodation.
二等座平均全列上座率不到六成的非高峰列車，可以試水優惠價。
Partially realised on limited services throughout the 2010s.
在 2010 年代，於部分列車局部實施。
Suggestion | 建議 6 ☑️
Fully utilise the ExpressPay card. Offer initiative such as “¥100 extra with a ¥1,000 add value”. Allow intercity trains to keep some seats whilst implementing a reservation system on other trains. Allow non-rail enterprises to add card value.
進一步發揮中鐵快通卡的作用。中鐵快通卡可以試水如「充 1000 送 100，充 2000 送 150」等活動，鼓勵旅客多坐車。中鐵快通卡應在全路使用，城際列車暫時保留一定預留席位，其它列車採取「先簽票後刷卡乘車」。允許更多的社會單位為中鐵銀通卡充值。
Improved reservation system put into use in the mid-2010s. The ExpressPay card has also seen much more extensive use in the network.
在 2010 年代已落實優化座席預約系統，且此卡同樣的到進一步應用。
Suggestion | 建議 7 ⬜️
For visitors who are neither resident in China nor a PRC citizen, offer a Visitor Traveller Card, an ExpressPay card with discounts. Encourage them to travel by train.
對於不具備中國國籍又在中國境內無居留許可的外國旅客，可以提供帶有一定優惠的《海外旅客中鐵卡》，或者以更加優惠的價格提供中鐵快通卡，比照海外如歐洲國際旅客通票，以鼓勵鐵路旅行。（辦理時可以驗證。）
Currently not yet realised.
暫未落實。
Suggestion | 建議 8 ☑️
Prepare for Passbook-like integration of QR code-based e-tickets. Change and “recycle” QR codes at sales, inspection, ticket gate validation, and exit. Prepare for self-service Ticket and ID Check solutions in future.
研究推行二維碼電子客票，兼容於如 iOS 6 等移動系統的如 Passbook 等內置「電子碼系統程序」。購票時發給驗證有效的二維碼；驗證成功發給檢票有效的二維碼，檢票成功發給乘車有效的二維碼，每一環節都收回過去的二維碼。出站驗票憑乘車有效二維碼放行，收回二維碼，開閘出站。研究自助驗證。
A homemade dynamic QR system has been fully implemented. Ticket and ID Check gates are now integrated with the usual departure gates at newer stations. Integration with Apple Wallet (formerly Passbook) remains outstanding.
自製的 QR 碼系統已經得以全面落實。實名車票驗證系統現已置入較新車站的出發閘口。然而，與蘋果 Wallet（前稱 Passbook）系統的融合尚未落實。
Suggestion | 建議 9 ⬜️
When possible, introduce, as is already so overseas, discount cards (eg 20% off card for ¥2,000/year; 50% card for ¥5,000/year).
條件成熟時，比照海外成功案例，研究優惠卡制度，如一年以 2000 元票價購買全路八折票、5000 元購買全路五折票等。
Not yet implemented.
暫未落實。
Suggestion | 建議 10 ⬜️
Offer slightly discounted Standing Only tickets on trains (except those operating during peak hours or peak travel periods).
除了高峰時段外，站票可以適度試水優惠政策。
Not yet implemented.
暫未落實。
Suggestion | 建議 11 ☑️
See if an off-peak discounted travel scheme can be implemented (eg cheaper fares after 09:00) on intercity trains (C trains).
城際鐵路研究非高峰期限時優惠往返票（比照海外「9 時後優惠票」）。
Not directly implemented as such, but discounted travel is available for less busy trains.
雖然並未如此直接落實，但對於非尖峰時期的列車，已提供更加優惠的車票。
Suggestion | 建議 12 ☑️
Try offering discounts for Internet ticketing to encourage earlier bookings.
網絡購票研究分預售期時段的網購專享優惠。
Partially implemented, although discounted tickets are now available across multiple channels.
已局部落實，同時優惠票可透過多種渠道提供。
Suggestion | 建議 13 ☑️
Allow all recognised ID to be used at ticket machines, first for ticket sales, then for e-ticket pickup. Allow more types of ID to be used for Internet booking.
全路先實施自動取票機所有網購證件有效自助取票服務，再試水按照網購證件有效的證件在自動售票機購票。網購服務今後的有效證件擴展到全部實名制系統可接受的全部證件。
In addition to being fully implemented for Chinese ID cards, which was always the case, now fully implemented for Chinese Green Cards, and Residence Cards for residents from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. Partially implemented on some machines for Mainland Access Cards for residents from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and machine-readable/biometric passports.
已實施於中國居民身分證，現同步實施於中國「綠卡」及港澳臺居民居住證。已局部實施與港澳居民來往內地/臺灣居民來往大陸通行證，及機讀/生物護照。
Suggestion | 建議 14 ☑️
Allow the use of the SAR passports for Hong Kong & Macao, as well as the Foreign Experts Certificate and the Chinese Green Cards for foreigners, to be used in personal ticketing.
開放港澳旅客使用特區護照，及外籍旅客使用外國專家證、外國人永久居留證購票。
The SAR passports of Hong Kong & Macao are generally not accepted in China due to political/administrative reasons (Hongkongers and Macanese usually use their Mainland Access or mainland residence cards). The Foreign Experts Certificate is now the Alien Work Permit. The Green Card has now been fully supported in personal ticketing.
由於出入境政策所規定，在中國境內，一般不接受港澳特區護照（這些人士一般使用通行證或是居住證）。外國專家證現已爲外國人工作許可證。已全面實施中國綠卡在實名票務的優化支持。
Suggestion | 建議 15 ☑️
Allow the selection of designated seats for Internet ticketing, just as is the case at ticket counters today. Allow this to become an option.
與窗口售票一樣，開放網上購票指定席位的選擇。在購票時可以作為選擇性項目。
Already implemented for online booking (Web and smartphone app interfaces), although only a row can be chosen (as in riders can choose an “A” seat by the window, but not a specific seat, such as Seat 1A).
通過線上訂票已經實施（瀏覽器及手機介面），但衹可選定大體位置（如窗口旁的「A」座，但無法具體選定如 1A 座）。
Suggestion | 建議 16 ✅
For stations with many tourist attractions, offer rail passengers the opportunity to also purchase tickets for the attraction, especially for those travelling on trains.
在旅遊景點較多的車站，同時銷售景點票，或在列車上「捆綁」銷售。
David is aware this has been implemented at some venues, for example the Great Wall at Badaling.
馮琰已獲知有經典已落實之，如八達嶺長城。
Suggestion | 建議 17 ☑️
Allow ticket printout for trips made with ExpressPay cards at the end of trips at machines. Allow for future e-reimbursements.
中鐵銀通卡開放自助式旅行終了後印票服務（使用自動售票機）。同時試探研究開放鐵路電子客票的電子報銷方式。
Not aware this has been implemented in full, although reservation slips are now being printed. Reimbursement slips have also gone digital as of autumn 2024.
雖然無法獲知是否已經全面實施，但已知開始印出乘車確認憑單。同時，於 2024 年秋天起，已開始實施電子發票。
Suggestion | 建議 18 ✅
Improve ticketing. Enable Personal Ticketing replacement tickets and Pay Upon Arrival. Expand e-ticket use. Allow more riders to touch in using their valid ID only; expand support from current Chinese ID card to Mainland Permit for HK and Macao Resident + China Green Card holders. Allow ID to be used to replace lost tickets. Make the Personal Ticketing Scheme permanent.
改進售票系統。實施車補票、到補票的實名制。提高客票的電子登記系統。允許更多的旅客使用證件直接「刷證進站乘車」，從現在的限二代證擴充到港澳居民來往內地通行證、外國人永久居留證等。車票全面實行電子客票記錄，旅客丟失車票只須出示購票證件，憑此交手續費便直接領取新票。加強驗證制度。將實名制制度常態化。
Generally implemented in full, except there is limited support for Mainland Permit holders (but Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan residents whom have the mainland-issued Residence Card can travel on similar conditions).
基本上已全部落實，但對通行證持證人支持局部受限（但是這些人士持居住證可更順暢旅行）。
Suggestion | 建議 19 ✅
On some routes, allow flexible seating during specified times (like on Taiwan HSR).
在一些線路探索限時試行「自由座」制（比照臺灣高速鐵路）。
Implemented. In particular on Suburban trains, free seating has now been realised.
已落實。特別在市郊列車，「自由座」已得以落實。
Suggestion | 建議 20 ☑️
Introduce return tickets as transfer tickets, where passengers need to “sign in” their tickets and choose a train upon return. Allow 2nd rebookings for a fee (¥5-¥10).
推出往返通票，旅客返程簡單簽一次即可。允許帶有手續費（約 5 — 10 元）的二次改簽。
Transfer tickets were abolished in 2023 in favour of more streamlined ticketing. 2nd rebookings are available for Hong Kong West Kowloon/Shenzhen North/Futian although no extra fees are charged.
爲優化票務，通票已於 2023 年予以取消。多次改簽車票已在香港西九龍/深圳北/福田間旅途實施，但不收取額外費用。
Part 2: Making Railway Operations Better
第 2 部分: 改善鐵路運營
Suggestion | 建議 21 ☑️
Save more power at stations. Allow smaller stations to be powered by solar power only (parts directly connected to the railway line must be powered separately).
實施環保車站用電方式，有條件的小型車站可以通過太陽能，覆蓋全站非列車運行部分的供電需求，又不影響在線路上運行和停靠的列車，又節約用電實行環保車站的運營。
Solar power as a means to power a station has only been realised at some stations, including the recently opened Hangzhou South Railway Station.
以太陽能爲供電方式，衹在部分車站落實，如近期開通的杭州南站。
Suggestion | 建議 22 ☑️
Trains operating at speeds of 300 km/h and faster should implement a system where passengers leave from the front door, and board from the back, to shorten stops.
全部時速 300 km/h 及更快的列車全面推行「前車門下車，後車門上車」制，加快旅客乘降效率，避免晚點。
Sporadically and somewhat infrequently/irregularly implemented, although it is seen as a Best Practice.
正有落實，但並不規律，即使被認爲是值得落實策略。
Suggestion | 建議 23 ☑️
To avoid people feeling ill, add temperature info in public announcements for legs 50 km or longer from the past stop.
旅客列車即將到達車站時，對於距離上一個車站運行距離滿 50 公里（含）的，加報室外氣溫，以免旅客上下車感覺到不適。
Irregularly implemented.
正在落實，但並無規律。
Suggestion | 建議 24 ☑️
Improve compositions for longer trains. Based on travel figures, make the frontmost car a First & Business Class car (including Business Compartment); then create a separate First Class car, and another separate Business Class car (for 24 people). Add one full dining car. All others are 2nd Class.
研究長編組高速動車組列車的編組優化，根據實際上座率，建議調整為車頭車位各一節一等座車廂（含觀光區商務、一等）、一節獨立的一等座、一節獨立商務座車廂（定員：24 人），其餘車廂除餐車外均為二等座車廂。
Implemented with significant variation. On newer Smart trains, Business Class has had seats replaced with Business Solo Suites. There has been a slight addition of First Class seats on especially longer trains. The dining car has been shrunk so seats have been removed, encouraging customers to take food back to their seats.
Suggestion | 建議 25 ☑️
After each departure, inform riders of arrival time at next stop. Make arrival public announcements 10 km (High Speed) / 5 km (Classic Rail) in advance.
旅客列車啓動後，報前方到站時，加上圖定到達時間及現晚點情況，並在距離車站 10 公里（高鐵、動車）、5 分鐘（普鐵）前廣播到站信息。
Irregularly implemented.
正在落實，但並無規律。
Suggestion | 建議 26 ☑️
Ban smoking on all platforms with HSR train service. Add a No Smoking sign on all train doors. Offer replacement products (eg nicotine gum) for those aged 18+ (check IDs).
全路各高鐵、動車站站台全面實施禁煙措施。在列車車門處加貼勸旅客不在列車或站台吸煙的告知文。向吸煙旅客提供取代品（如口香糖等），憑查身份證滿十八歲則可提供。
Irregularly implemented, sometimes minimally, although the tendency is to clamp down further on smoking, especially on High Speed and trains using multiple units.
正在落實，有時有限，有時並無規律，但趨向於進一步限制吸煙，以於高速鐵路列車尤甚。
Suggestion | 建議 27 ✅
Progressively get all railway stations and passenger service departments on Weibo and WeChat, so to improve service to passengers via the Web.
全路各站逐步「上微博」、「上微信」，提高互聯網旅客用信息服務標準。
Implemented since the start of the 2010s, with the national rail operator China Railways and the national rail daily People’s Railway Daily being the most successful in bringing the railways to life in a way ordinary customers and railfans alike enjoy.
由 2010 年代起開始落實，先由中國鐵路及《人民鐵道》成功入駐，以更好將鐵路資訊傳播予乘客及鐵路愛好者。
Suggestion | 建議 28 ☑️
Prepare for the deployment of DMU trains in areas where electrified rail routes are not yet currently a viable option.
對於未通且短期內通不了電氣化鐵路的沿線，研究開行內燃動車組列車。
Partial implementation, although relatively limited.
衹有局部有限度落實。
Suggestion | 建議 29 ☑️
In stations where there are only waiting areas for Business Class passengers, allow Premier Class riders access (except in stations with very limited conditions).
在只有商務座專用候車室的車站裡，商務座、特等座旅客共用一個候車室，但是條件特別受限的車站外。
Less implementation nowadays with Premier Class being increasingly limited in availability. Business Class is seen as a far more superior product. However, implementation is apparent at Hong Kong West Kowloon railway station. Also, with the new Superior First Class, riders travelling that class can use Business Class lounges.
現在由於具有特等座車次愈來愈少，因此落實更少（商務座被認為是更加產品），但香港西九龍站正落實。此外，有着全新優選一等座，這些乘客尚可使用商務座候車廳。
Suggestion | 建議 30 ☑️
Offer personalised services for Business and Premier Class passengers. Address passengers by title and name and remember their needs and preferences.
商務座、特等座旅客全面實行一對一服務，認清旅客姓名，實行進一步個性化的一對一服務。
Some implementation (in particular on trains operated to/from Eastern China) especially since the late 2010s with a focus on improving Business Class services. For example, even at busy rail hubs, Business Class (and now also Superior First Class) passengers get their dedicated Security, Ticket & ID checkpoint.
局部落實，以往來中國東部列車尤甚，而由 2010 年代以來，更加注重改善商務座服務。例如，即使是繁忙鐵路樞紐，商務座（及優選一等座）現有自己獨立安檢及實名驗票驗證通道。
Suggestion | 建議 31 ✅
Continue to operate the railways as a matter of national public benefit. Allow the government to offer the railways more support.
堅持運行公益鐵路，進一步加大國家對此的補助。
Continued implementation along with support from the central government in admitting as many non-government funds into the railways. For example, pro bono Green Trains still run on older tracks leading into the mountains, and have been featured as an example of the railways continuing to “focus on the needs of the common man”.
現正落實，中國中央政府正允許非政府資金注入鐵路當中。此外，公益「綠皮車」依然運行於山區鐵路，以重視鐵路繼續支持百姓需求。
Suggestion | 建議 32 ✅
Control the number of retail shops permitted at stations to avoid them “taking over” the station, creating “visual chaos”.
有效地控制車站非鐵路商業設施的質量和數量，避免太少、太多、太亂、太雜現象。
Implemented nationwide, with in particular a focus on cleaning up Beijing South Railway Station from late 2016.
已經於全國各地陸續落實，尤其以 2016 年末淨化北京南站環境為主。
Suggestion | 建議 33 ☑️
Where safety has been assured, prepare for the eventual operation of trains on HSR lines for speeds as fast as 380 km/h.
在安全得到充分保障的前提下，研究運行 380 km/h 高速鐵路。
The new “middle route” HS line from Chengdu to Chongqing will be futureproofed for actual speeds up to 400 km/h. The associated trainset, the CR450, is already being developed and tested.
全新的成渝中綫高速鐵路將會預留運行至 400 km/h 的條件，有關的 CR450 型列車已經開始進行發展及測試。
Suggestion | 建議 34 ☑️
On [High Speed] trains, prepare for the eventual introduction of vending machines. To encourage their use, reduce prices by ¥1.— per product over “staffed” sales prices.
在動車組列車上，研究車廂內提供小型自動售貨機。為了鼓勵旅客資助購買，價格方面每一產品降低余約一元。
Implemented with the first vending machines introduced in late 2019, although prices remain largely the same as those provided by staff.
與 2019 年末首批自動售貨機開始落實，然而價格與人工銷售者大體相同。
Suggestion | 建議 35 ☑️
Strengthen the enforceability powers of rail police and rail legislation. Crack down on illegal behaviour.
加強鐵路警方的執法能力，對鐵路法律規章實行「往嚴修改」，制止各類違法、違章行為。
Continuously implemented since 2014 through more strict legislative instruments.
由 2014 年以來，透過更加嚴格法律文件，得以落實。
Suggestion | 建議 36 ✅
Prepare a liste noire [(blacklist)] system to crack down on anti-social or criminal behaviour and ticketless travel, or the use of forged ID or tickets. Ban such criminals from trains. Link penalties to a nationwide system based on the Personal Ticketing scheme. Block rail cards (but permit refunds).
研究實行「黑名單制」，對於辱罵、攻擊鐵路工作人員的，或屢次逃票、越站及乘坐較高等席座（鋪）席未補票、使用假證的，情節惡劣的，可以禁止其乘坐列車，實名制系統中配合國家相關機關對該受限人員的各類證件採取封鎖措施，對於其所持有的乘車證件、卡票等同樣實施凍結，禁止其乘車使用（但允許其退還）。
Continuously implemented since 2014 through more strict legislative instruments. Those with poor credit or with anti-social/criminal conduct can now be excluded from railway conveyance for up to 180 days.
透過 2014 年以來落實的更嚴格法律得以實現。對於信譽欠佳或反社會/刑罪行為者，現可禁止搭乘鐵路列車長大 180 日。
Suggestion | 建議 37 ⬜️
Regulate media access to trains (free travel only). Allow only free travel if there is actual reporting on trains.
規範記者乘車規定，禁止其「無任務曬證蹭車」，並引導其正常購票乘車。（如車上突然有任務採訪，可以申請客運紀錄，在到站退票。）
Awaiting updates on actual implementation.
關於其落實情況，正待情況更新。
Suggestion | 建議 38 ☑️
Improve the Passenger Travel Record forms. Introduce pre-printed forms for lost (not replaced) and replaced (not lost) tickets.
改革客運記錄格式，研究開發旅客丟失車票及掛失補辦兩個較為常見的專用版本。
Implemented in a slightly different way, with passenger travel records now mostly issued electronically (paper records are a fall-back method).
實際以略微不同方式得以實現，即客運記錄主要以電子方式簽發（紙本則作爲備用方式）。
Suggestion | 建議 39 ☑️
The railways should inform riders more. Offer more information to the benefit of passengers and the railways. Introduce more information brochures.
提高鐵路部門主動向旅客提供信息服務的意識，做到「該告全告，不該告一律不告，不讓旅客吃虧，不讓鐵路吃虧」局面。適時研究印制更多旅客用宣傳小冊子。
Progressively more implementation: for example, through Everyday Rail English-sponsored bilingual brochures, as well as bilingual info cards at hub stations.
陸續得以落實：例如，通過「鐵路英文一天一句」雙語資訊，以及樞紐站雙語卡片等。
Suggestion | 建議 40 ☑️
Improve railway passenger service web sites, allowing passengers easy access to travel information on the World Wide Web.
改進鐵路客服網站，讓旅客能在互聯網上快速查詢相關信息。
Implemented with a late 2010s/early 2020s improvement to the 12306.cn China Railways Customer Service website.
通過 2010 年代末/2020 年代初在 12306.cn 中國鐵路客服中心網站的改進得以落實。
Suggestions 41-100 are being translated.
現正翻譯第 41-100 條建議。